Abstract:

Transgender populations in the United States have been impacted by the HIV/AIDS epidemic. This systematic review estimates the prevalence of HIV infection and risk behaviors of transgender persons. Comprehensive searches of the US-based HIV behavioral prevention literature identified 29 studies focusing on male-to-female (MTF) transgender women; five of these studies also reported data on female-to-male (FTM) transgender men. Using meta-analytic approaches, prevalence rates were estimated by synthesizing weighted means. Meta-analytic findings indicated that 27.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 24.8–30.6%) of MTFs tested positive for HIV infection (four studies), while 11.8% (95% CI, 10.5–13.2%) of MTFs self-reported being HIVseropositive (18 studies). Higher HIV infection rates were found among African-American MTFs regardless of assessment method (56.3% test result; 30.8% self-report). Large percentages of MTFs (range, 27–48%) reported engaging in risky behaviors (e.g., unprotected receptive anal intercourse, multiple casual partners, sex work). Prevalence rates of HIV and risk behaviors were low among FTMs. Contextual factors potentially related to increased HIV risk include mental health concerns, physical abuse, social isolation, economic marginalization, and unmet transgender-specific healthcare needs. Additional research is needed to explain the causes of HIV risk behavior of transgender persons. These findings should be considered when developing and adapting prevention interventions for transgender populations.

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"Online First" as an e-publication. Journal publication date unknown.

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The article presents an educational survey related to the physical harassment experienced by lesbian students in the U.S. schools. The survey found that more than a third of students who identify themselves as being gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender experienced physical harassment at school based on sexual orientation. The survey was conducted by the New York City-based advocacy group for gay students, which includes responses from 1,732 gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender students ages 13 to 20 from around the country.

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Vol. 25 Issue 34, p18-18 1/9p

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The article reports on a qualitative study in Philadelphia which focused on the school experiences and marginalization of transgender youth. The study's interview tool covered 14 areas, including demographics, sexual assault, body modification, and drug use. The students interviewed reported discrimination, abuse, and lack of support from peers, teachers and staff. Trans youth also had concerns about dress codes, bathroom and locker facilities, and school sports. Their recommendations to prevent transphobia and create safe learning environments are presented for educators and school administrators.

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Vol. 3 Issue 1, p15-28 14p